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9708 · Cambridge International AS Level

9708/21

Paper 2

Economics · June 2025 · Variant 1

Relative difficulty

Standard · 3.4/5

Analysis source: Cambridge Assessment International Education

Analysis aligned to the official syllabus and assessment design.

Relative difficulty

3.4 / 5

Total marks

90

Duration

180 min

Most tested topic

Production Possibility Curves and Monetary & Fiscal Policy Transmission Mechanisms

Cohort performance

Session statistics from official examination reports

Total marks

90

Duration

180 min

Session difficulty

3.4 / 5

Key examiner messages

Top priorities from the principal examiner before you revise

1

The May/June 2025 AS Level Economics papers (9708/11 and 9708/21) present a balanced yet challenging test of core economic principles.

2

Paper 11 (Multiple Choice) demands strong mathematical reasoning and precise graphical analysis, particularly in elasticities and macroeconomic indicators.

3

Paper 21 (Data Response and Essays) contains highly topical data on US monetary policy and inflation targeting, pushing students to demonstrate deep evaluative skills rather than rote-learned definitions.

Question difficulty map

How candidates performed on each question in this series

No data available in official reports

Assessment objectives

Skill and AO weighting from official examiner commentary

Knowledge andAO23
AnalysisAO32
Evaluation1

Skill weighting

Shows the skill mix this paper tested most heavily.

Knowledge andAO2Knowledge andAO2AnalysisAO3AnalysisAO3EvaluationEvaluation
SkillWeightShare
  • Knowledge andAO2

    Weight: 3100%
  • AnalysisAO3

    Weight: 267%
  • Evaluation

    Weight: 133%

Method marks watchlist

Where working, steps, or method marks were commonly lost

No data available in official reports

Recurring mistakes across years

Themes examiners flag in multiple recent sessions for this subject

No data available in official reports

Question choice intelligence

Mean scores and popularity for optional questions (HKDSE electives)

No data available in official reports

Level exemplars

What candidate scripts at each grade level looked like

No data available in official reports

Grade & admission context

How marks relate to grade thresholds and entry standards

Report type

Cambridge Principal Examiner Report — component performance and international standards

Level A

Approx. 53% of maximum mark

Level B

Approx. 46% of maximum mark

Level C

Approx. 38% of maximum mark

Level D

Approx. 30% of maximum mark

Level E

Approx. 23% of maximum mark

Deep insights

What top candidates did

Techniques and approaches examiners rewarded in this series

No data available in official reports

Command word playbook

How to match each command word to the expected response style

ExplainFrequency: 21

Give reasons and link mechanism to outcome; each point needs a because/so chain.

AssessFrequency: 6

Match the expected response style for “Assess” questions.

ConsiderFrequency: 3

Match the expected response style for “Consider” questions.

CompareFrequency: 1

Identify similarities and differences explicitly — paired sentences or a table helps.

Time traps

Sections where candidates spent disproportionate time relative to marks

Paper 11 (Multiple …40m / 20 marks

Min per mark: 2

Paper 21 Section A …40m / 20 marks

Min per mark: 2

Paper 21 Section B …40m / 20 marks

Min per mark: 2

Syllabus traceability

Topics linked to questions and mark weighting in this session

Production possibility curves

21 marks this session

Fiscal policy

21 marks this session

Monetary policy

14 marks this session

MCQ trap analytics

Commonly chosen wrong options from examiner commentary

No data available in official reports

Topic heatmap across years

Mark concentration by topic and exam year for this subject

Mark intensity

LowHigh
Topic
2023
2024
2025
Σ

Production possibility curves

21
21

Fiscal policy

21
21

Unemployment (The Macroeconomy (AS Level))

15
15

Monetary policy

14
14

Fiscal policy (Government macroeconomic intervention (AS Level))

14
14

Government macroeconomic policy objectives (Government macroeconomic intervention (AS Level))

13
13

Supply-side policy (Government macroeconomic intervention (AS Level))

13
13

Resource allocation in different economic systems (Basic economic ideas and resource allocation (AS Level))

12
12

Difficulty trend

How session difficulty has shifted across recent years

202320242025
2023 June 2023 · 3.5/52024 June 2024 · 3.2/52025 June 2025 · 3.4/5

Paper comparison

Marks and duration breakdown across papers in this session

Paper 11: AS Level Multiple Choice:

30 marks60 min

Paper 21: AS Level Data Response and Essays:

60 marks120 min

Marks you can still earn

Where valid approaches outside the mark scheme may still gain credit

No data available in official reports

Practise what examiners flagged

Target weak topics from this report inside the Revui app

Self-diagnostic checklist

Key actions before you sit this paper — copy and tick off as you revise

  • 1Message

    The May/June 2025 AS Level Economics papers (9708/11 and 9708/21) present a balanced yet challenging test of core economic principles.

  • 2Message

    Paper 11 (Multiple Choice) demands strong mathematical reasoning and precise graphical analysis, particularly in elasticities and macroeconomic indicators.

  • 3Message

    Paper 21 (Data Response and Essays) contains highly topical data on US monetary policy and inflation targeting, pushing students to demonstrate deep evaluative skills rather than rote-learned definitions.

Teacher briefing pack

One-page session summary for tutors and classroom review

June 2025 2025

Economics

The May/June 2025 AS Level Economics papers (9708/11 and 9708/21) present a balanced yet challenging test of core economic principles. Paper 11 (Multiple Choice) demands strong mathematical reasoning and precise graphical analysis, particularly in elasticities and macroeconomic i

  • The May/June 2025 AS Level Economics papers (9708/11 and 9708/21) present a balanced yet challenging test of core economic principles.

  • Paper 11 (Multiple Choice) demands strong mathematical reasoning and precise graphical analysis, particularly in elasticities and macroeconomic indicators.

  • Paper 21 (Data Response and Essays) contains highly topical data on US monetary policy and inflation targeting, pushing students to demonstrate deep evaluative skills rather than rote-learned definitions.

Total marks
90
Duration
180 min
Session difficulty
3.4 / 5

Session analysis

The May/June 2025 AS Level Economics papers (9708/11 and 9708/21) present a balanced yet challenging test of core economic principles. Paper 11 (Multiple Choice) demands strong mathematical reasoning and precise graphical analysis, particularly in elasticities and macroeconomic indicators. Paper 21 (Data Response and Essays) contains highly topical data on US monetary policy and inflation targeting, pushing students to demonstrate deep evaluative skills rather than rote-learned definitions.

Updated Jun 12, 2026

Paper breakdown

Paper 11: AS Level Multiple Choice:

30 marks60 min

Paper 21: AS Level Data Response and Essays:

60 marks120 min

Top chapters

Production possibility curves21 marks
Fiscal policy21 marks
Monetary policy14 marks

Exam structure insights

Marks by chapter

See where the marks were concentrated so revision time goes to the highest-value topics.

Production possibility curves21 marks
Fiscal policy21 marks
Monetary policy14 marks
Government macroeconomic policy8 marks
Methods and effects of governme3 marks
Demand and supply curves2 marks
Introduction to the circular fl2 marks
National income statistics2 marks

Mark accessibility

Estimate which marks were basic, mid-level, or high-difficulty.

78% within easy or medium reach

32
38
20
Easy: 32 marksMedium: 38 marksHard: 20 marks

Command word frequency

Spot common command words so answers match the expected response style.

Explain21 times
Assess6 times
Consider3 times
Compare1 times

Question type mix

Compare the mark share of each paper section and question type.

90Marks
  • Essay

    40·4·44%

  • Multiple Choice

    30·30·33%

  • Data Response

    20·5·22%

Study ROI

Bigger bubbles recur more often; higher bubbles carry more marks, helping you rank revision priorities.

DifficultyRecurrence %Production possibi…Fiscal policyMonetary policyGovernment macroec…

Time vs marks

Compare marks with suggested time allocation to plan exam pacing.

MarksMinutesMarks / min

Paper 11 (Multiple …

0.50 m/min
20
40

Paper 21 Section A …

0.50 m/min
20
40

Paper 21 Section B …

0.50 m/min
20
40

Total marks

60

Total time

120 min

Avg pace

0.50

Next-year prediction

Topics worth watching next year, with the reason shown directly below each bar.

Protectionism & Tariffs

85%

85%

Exchange Rates

80%

80%

Unemployment & Inflation Interrelation

75%

75%

Difficulty Verdict: A Fair but Rigorous Assessment

The May/June 2025 AS Level Economics papers (9708/11 and 9708/21) present a balanced yet challenging test of core economic principles. Paper 11 (Multiple Choice) demands strong mathematical reasoning and precise graphical analysis, particularly in elasticities and macroeconomic indicators. Paper 21 (Data Response and Essays) contains highly topical data on US monetary policy and inflation targeting, pushing students to demonstrate deep evaluative skills rather than rote-learned definitions.

Examiner notes & key calculations

  • Confusing Disinflation and Deflation: This remains a classic trap. In Question 1(c), several candidates incorrectly analyzed disinflation as falling prices, failing to realize that prices are still rising, just at a slower rate (i.e., a positive but declining first derivative of the price level).
  • Sequential Data Description: In Question 1(a), examiners noted that weaker responses merely listed monthly interest and inflation rates. To earn full marks, candidates must provide an explicit comparison of the overall trends.
  • Weak Policy Transmission Mechanisms: When explaining expansionary fiscal policy in Question 5(b), students frequently jumped from 'lower taxes' straight to 'economic growth' without detailing the intermediary steps: lower personal income tax → \rightarrow → higher disposable income → \rightarrow → increased consumption → \rightarrow → shift in AD → \rightarrow → real GDP growth.

Exam tips

Paper format

Duration
2h
Total marks
60

Analysis is paraphrased for study purposes. Always verify against the official examiner report and mark scheme.

9708/21 — Cambridge International AS Level Economics (June 2025) | Revui